Please note that this does not mean the content is unreliable. It just means the page doesn't conform to the style of the site (usually due to age) or a better way of presenting the information has been discovered.
This page requires references, it is on a to-do list for being expanded with them.
Please note that this does not mean the content is unreliable, it just means that the author of the page doesn't have a book to hand, or remember the book to find it, which would have been a suitable reference.
The message provided is:
See Halmos' measure theory book too
This page is a stub, so it contains little or minimal information and is on a to-do list for being expanded.The message provided is:
Needs to include everything the old page did, link to propositions and lead to measures

## Definition


• For [ilmath]A,B\in\mathcal{A} [/ilmath] with [ilmath]A\cap B=\emptyset[/ilmath] (pairwise disjoint) and [ilmath]A\udot B\in\mathcal{A} [/ilmath] we have:
• [ilmath]f(A\udot B)=f(A)+f(B)[/ilmath]

With the same definition of [ilmath]f[/ilmath], we say that [ilmath]f[/ilmath] is finitely additive if for a pairwise disjoint family of sets [ilmath]\{A_i\}_{i=1}^n\subseteq\mathcal{A}[/ilmath] with [ilmath]\bigudot_{i=1}^nA_i\in\mathcal{A}[/ilmath] we have[1]:

• $f\left(\mathop{\bigudot}_{i=1}^nA_i\right)=\sum^n_{i=1}f(A_i)$.

With the same definition of [ilmath]f[/ilmath], we say that [ilmath]f[/ilmath] is countably additive if for a pairwise disjoint family of sets [ilmath]\{A_n\}_{n=1}^\infty\subseteq\mathcal{A}[/ilmath] with [ilmath]\bigudot_{n=1}^\infty A_n\in\mathcal{A}[/ilmath] we have[1]:

• $f\left(\mathop{\bigudot}_{n=1}^\infty A_n\right)=\sum^\infty_{n=1}f(A_n)$.

## Immediate properties

Claim: if [ilmath]\emptyset\in\mathcal{A} [/ilmath] then [ilmath]f(\emptyset)=0[/ilmath]

Let [ilmath]\emptyset,A\in\mathcal{A} [/ilmath], then:

• [ilmath]f(A)=f(A\udot\emptyset)=f(A)+f(\emptyset)[/ilmath] by hypothesis.
• Thus [ilmath]f(A)=f(A)+f(\emptyset)[/ilmath]
• This means [ilmath]f(A)-f(A)=f(\emptyset)[/ilmath]

We see [ilmath]f(\emptyset)=0[/ilmath], as required

## Notes

1. TODO: Example on talk page

## References

TODO: Check algebra books for definition of additive, perhaps split into two cases, additive set function and additive function

# OLD PAGE

An additive function is a homomorphism that preserves the operation of addition in place on the structure in question.

In group theory (because there's only one operation) it is usually just called a "group homomorphism"

## Definition

Here [ilmath](X,+_X:X\times X\rightarrow X)[/ilmath] (which we'll denote [ilmath]X[/ilmath] and [ilmath]+_X[/ilmath]) denotes a set endowed with a binary operation called addition.

The same goes for [ilmath](Y,+_Y:Y\times Y\rightarrow Y)[/ilmath].

A function [ilmath]f[/ilmath] is additive[1] if for [ilmath]a,b\in X[/ilmath]

$f(a+_Xb)=f(a)+_Yf(b)$

If the spaces X and Y have some sort of structure (example: Group) then some required properties follow, for example:

$x=x+0\implies f(x)+0=f(x)=f(x+0)=f(x)+f(0)\implies f(0)=0$ so one must be careful!

### On set functions

A set function, [ilmath]\mu[/ilmath], is called additive if[2] whenever:

• [ilmath]A\in X[/ilmath]
• [ilmath]B\in X[/ilmath]
• [ilmath]A\cap B=\emptyset[/ilmath]

We have:

$\mu(A\cup B)=\mu(A)+\mu(B)$ for valued set functions (set functions that map to values)

A shorter notation: $\mu(A\uplus B)=\mu(A)+\mu(B)$, where [ilmath]\uplus[/ilmath] denotes "disjoint union" -- just the union when the sets are disjoint, otherwise undefined.

An example would be a measure.

## Variations

This follows by induction on the additive property above. It states that:

• $f\Big(\sum^n_{i=1}A_i\Big)=\sum^n_{i=1}f(A_i)$ for additive functions
• $\mu\Big(\biguplus^n_{i=1}A_i\Big)=\sum^n_{i=1}\mu(A_i)$ for valued set functions

• $f\Big(\sum^\infty_{n=1}A_n\Big)=\sum^\infty_{n=1}f(A_n)$ for additive functions
• $\mu\Big(\biguplus^\infty_{n=1}A_n\Big)=\sum^\infty_{n=1}\mu(A_n)$ for valued set functions

If $f(0)=0$ or $\mu(\emptyset)=0$ then given a finite set $\{a_i\}_{i=1}^n$ we can define an infinite set $\{b_n\}_{n=1}^\infty$ by:

$b_i=\left\{\begin{array}a_i&\text{if }i\le n\\ 0\text{ or }\emptyset & \text{otherwise}\end{array}\right.$

Thus:

• $f(\sum^\infty_{n=1}b_n)= \begin{array}{lr} f(\sum^n_{i=1}a_i) \\ \sum^\infty_{n=1}f(b_n)=\sum^n_{i=1}f(a_i)+f(0)=\sum^n_{i=1}f(a_i) \end{array}$
• Or indeed $\mu(\sum^\infty_{n=1}b_n)= \begin{array}{lr} \mu(\sum^n_{i=1}a_i) \\ \sum^\infty_{n=1}\mu(b_n)=\sum^n_{i=1}\mu(a_i)+\mu(0)=\sum^n_{i=1}\mu(a_i) \end{array}$